Supplement Label Index

Magnesium Oxide vs. Magnesium Citrate

Among 6,062 on-market magnesium products with an identifiable primary form, 52.4% use Magnesium Oxide (3,177 products) and 25.3% use Magnesium Citrate (1,533).

Magnesium OxideMagnesium Citrate
Quality tierTier 3Tier 1
Magnesium by weight60.3%16.2%
Share of market52.4%25.3%
On-market products3,1771,533
Median declared dose100 elemental mg
middle half: 47.38–140
75 elemental mg
middle half: 24–150
Most common brandsDC, Wonder Laboratories, GNC Mega MenPure Encapsulations, Ultima, Douglas Laboratories

Doses are declared per serving in elemental mg. “By weight” is the share of the ingredient that is the nutrient itself (e.g. elemental magnesium in a magnesium salt).

Why Magnesium Oxide is tier 3

Virtually insoluble in water, only ~43% soluble even under peak gastric acid.

Source: Lindberg JS et al. 1990, J Am Coll Nutr 9(1):48-55, PMID 2407766

Why Magnesium Citrate is tier 1

Far more soluble than oxide across physiological pH; produced the highest urinary/salivary Mg response of forms tested in a human RCT.

Source: Lindberg 1990, PMID 2407766; Walker AF et al. 2003, Magnesium Research 16(3):183-191, PMID 14596323

Tiers summarize published comparative bioavailability or outcome evidence for each form (see methodology). This page describes the market; it is not a recommendation to take either form. Talk to a clinician about what's right for you.

Other magnesium comparisons