D-Alpha-Tocopheryl Succinate (natural, esterified)
D-Alpha-Tocopheryl Succinate (natural, esterified) is a tier 1 form of Vitamin E, used in 2,744 on-market products .
2,744
on-market products
tier 1
quality tier
n/a
elemental fraction
Why this tier: Same rationale as the acetate ester -- esterification does not meaningfully change post-hydrolysis bioavailability; natural-form advantage over synthetic still applies.
Source: Burton GW et al. 1998, PMID 9537614 (acetate esters); NIH ODS Vitamin E fact sheet / IOM 2000 for succinate ester equivalence