Silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (phytosome, e.g. Siliphos)
Silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (phytosome, e.g. Siliphos) is a tier 1 form of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), used in 33 on-market products .
Why this tier: Compared directly against plain silymarin in healthy volunteers: plasma silybin was much higher after the complex in a 9-subject study (single doses, complex vs silymarin equivalent to 360 mg silybin) and in a separate 23-subject crossover (45 mg complex vs 70 mg silymarin tablets, P<0.0001). Small pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers, not outcome trials; the 2019 paper carries two published errata not reviewed here. The complex's declared mass is not comparable with extract mass, so rows named after it are recorded without a dose.
Source: Barzaghi N et al. 1990, Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 15(4):333-338, PMID 2088770; Mendez-Sanchez N et al. 2019, BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 20(1):5, PMID 30635055