Racemic alpha-lipoic acid (R,S / DL / thioctic acid)

Racemic alpha-lipoic acid (R,S / DL / thioctic acid) is a unrated form of Alpha-Lipoic Acid, used in 64 on-market products .

Why this tier: Equal mix of the natural R and the S enantiomer; the pharmaceutical (thioctic acid) tablet form has human PK data -- single 600 mg doses were rapidly absorbed (tmax 0.33-0.5 h) with enantiomer-selective exposure -- but no verified head-to-head human comparison against R-ALA or its salt, so it is not ranked.

Source: Hermann R et al. 2014, Clin Pharmacol 6:195-204, PMID 25506250 (PK of racemic ALA dosage forms, n=24 crossover; no comparison to R-ALA)

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